递归神经网络是一种面向深度学习的算法,它遵循顺序方法。在神经网络中,无涯教程始终假定每个输入和输出都独立于所有其他层。这些类型的神经网络称为递归,因为它们以顺序的方式执行数学计算。
表示递归神经网络的示意方法如下所述
在本节中,将学习如何使用TensorFlow实现递归神经网络。
步骤1 - TensorFlow包含各种库,用于递归神经网络模块的特定实现。
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#Import necessary modules
from __future__ import print_function
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.contrib import rnn
from tensorflow.examples.Learnfk.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("/tmp/data/", one_hot = True)
如上所述,这些库有助于定义输入数据,这构成了递归神经网络实现的主要部分。
步骤2 - 主要动机是使用递归神经网络对图像进行分类,其中将每个图像行都视为像素序列, MNIST图像形状专门定义为28 * 28像素。将定义输入参数以完成顺序模式。
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n_input = 28 # MNIST data input with img shape 28*28
n_steps = 28
n_hidden = 128
n_classes = 10
# tf Graph input
x = tf.placeholder("float", [None, n_steps, n_input])
y = tf.placeholder("float", [None, n_classes]
weights = {
'out': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_hidden, n_classes]))
}
biases = {
'out': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_classes]))
}
步骤3 - 使用RNN中定义的函数计算输出,以获得最佳输出,在此,将每个数据形状与当前输入形状进行比较,并计算输出以保持准确率。
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def RNN(x, weights, biases):
x = tf.unstack(x, n_steps, 1)
# Define a lstm cell with tensorflow
lstm_cell = rnn.BasicLSTMCell(n_hidden, forget_bias=1.0)
# Get lstm cell output
outputs, states = rnn.static_rnn(lstm_cell, x, dtype = tf.float32)
# Linear activation, using rnn inner loop last output
return tf.matmul(outputs[-1], weights['out']) + biases['out']
pred = RNN(x, weights, biases)
# Define loss and optimizer
cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits = pred, labels = y))
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate = learning_rate).minimize(cost)
# Evaluate model
correct_pred = tf.equal(tf.argmax(pred,1), tf.argmax(y,1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32))
# Initializing the variables
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
步骤4 - 在这一步中,无涯教程将启动图形输出,这也有助于计算测试输出的准确性。
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with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init)
step = 1
# Keep training until reach max iterations
while step * batch_size < training_iters:
batch_x, batch_y = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
batch_x = batch_x.reshape((batch_size, n_steps, n_input))
sess.run(optimizer, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
if step % display_step == 0:
# Calculate batch accuracy
acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
# Calculate batch loss
loss = sess.run(cost, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
print("Iter " + str(step*batch_size) + ", Minibatch Loss= " +\
"{:.6f}".format(loss) + ", Training Accuracy= " +\
"{:.5f}".format(acc))
step += 1
print("Optimization Finished!")
test_len = 128
test_data = mnist.test.images[:test_len].reshape((-1, n_steps, n_input))
test_label = mnist.test.labels[:test_len]
print("Testing Accuracy:",\
sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: test_data, y: test_label}))
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