This approach is made considerably simpler when particle-particle interactions can be neglected, and this requires that the dispersed second phase occupies a low volume fraction, even though high mass loading is acceptable. The particle or droplet trajectories are computed individually at specified intervals during the fluid phase calculation. This makes the model appropriate for the modeling of spray dryers, coal and liquid fuel combustion, and some particle-laden flows, but inappropriate for the modeling of liquid-liquid mixtures, fluidized beds, or any application where the volume fraction of the second phase cannot be neglected. For applications such as these, particle-particle interactions can be included using the Discrete Element Model, which is discussed in Discrete Element Method Collision Model.
--from ANSYS 17.0 help, Fluent Theory guide, 16.1.1. The Euler-Lagrange Approach
3.DDPM 是Dense Discrete Phase Model的缩写,是专门用来模拟例如流化床这种稠密颗粒流的模型,可以理解为简化了的DEM。它考虑了颗粒的空隙率以及碰撞,但是对于碰撞的计算是进行了模化的,不是用软球模型计算真实的碰撞过程,颗粒间的碰撞产生的力是根据KTGF下颗粒的stress tensor计算得到。
4.上面说了DDPM里颗粒碰撞是进行了模化的,因此就有不进行模化的处理,那就是在Fluent里加入DEM collision了。加入了DEM collision的DDPM,也即DDPM+DEM,考虑了稠密颗粒流的真实碰撞过程,新版的Fluent里,据我观察也是可以加入rotation的。但是Fluent里的DEM的颗粒群又是用parcel代替的,这又导致有些像MPPIC。所以,可以说DDPM+DEM和真正的DEM的还差一步。
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