2022年8月24日 长句子的表达技巧

Movement and Momentum (句子的推进与势能,中国古文称之为“文气”)

A well-managed long sentence can be just as clear and crisp as several short ones. A writer who can handle a long sentence gracefully lets us take a breath at reasonable intervals and at appropriate places; one part of the sentence will echo another with coordinated and parallel elements. (一个有效组织的长句子可以像多个短句一样清晰,利落。一个善于处理长句子的作者会让读者在合理的空隙和合适的位置得到休息,他会让一个句子与其它句子产生协调的,平行的共振。)

But if a sentence is to flow easily, its writer should also avoid making us hesitate over words and phrases that break its major grammatical links subject-verb, verb-object. We should be able to complete those links quickly and surely. (为了使句子自然流畅,作者应当避免使读者在主要的语法连接点中断,比如主语-动词,动词-宾语。而应该尽可能快速地完成那些主要的连接。)

试看一个中断不合适的句子:

1a. A semantic theory, if it is to represent in real-time terms on-line cognitive behavor, must propose more neurally plausible psychological processes than those described here.

1a频繁中断主语-动词,动词-宾语:

更加流畅的写法是:

1b. If a semantic theory is to represent on-line cognitive behavior in real-time terms, it must propose psychological processes more neurally plausible than those described here.

它使得主语-动词,动词-宾语紧密衔接:

The Smallest Connections (最小单元的连接)

If you want to avoid even the smallest hitch in the rhythm of a sentence, you might look closely for adjectives that have become separated from the phrases that modify them. (如果想避免最小程度的韵律上的中断,可以仔细寻找那些与被修饰对象分隔的形容词,并修订之。)

1a. The accountant has given as accurate a projection as any that could be provided.

1b. The accountant has given a projection as accurate as any that could have been provided.

2a. We are facing a more serious decision than what you described earlier

2b. We are facing a decision more serious than what you described earlier.

3a. A close relationship to the one just discovered is the degree to which similar genetic material to that of related species can be modified by different DNA chains from the ones first selected by Adams and Walsh.

3b. A relationship dose to the one just discovered is the degree to which genetic material similar to that of related species can be modified by DNA chains different from the ones first selected by Adams and Walsh.

4a. Another course of action than the present one is necessary to accumulate sufficient capital to complete such projects as those you have described.

4a. A course of action other than the present one is necessary to accumulate capital sufficient to complete projects such as those you describe.

常见的容易被人为分割的形容词包括:more . . . than, less . . . than, other . . . than, as . . . as, similar . . . to, equal . . . to, identical . . . to, same . . . as, different . . . from, such . . . as, separate . . . from, distant . . . from, related . . . to, close . . . to, next . . . to, difficult . . . to, easy . . . to, necessary . . . to

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